|
Marcus Julius Philippus ((ラテン語:Marcus Iulius Philippus Augustus);〔In Classical Latin, Philip's name would be inscribed as MARCVS IVLIVS PHILIPPVS AVGVSTVS.〕 204 – 249) also known commonly by his nickname Philip the Arab ((ラテン語:Philippus Arabs), (アラビア語:فيليب العربي)), also known as Philip, was Roman Emperor from 244 to 249. He was born in present-day Syria to a Syrian father, and went on to become a major figure in the Roman Empire. He achieved power after the death of Gordian III, quickly negotiating peace with the Sassanid Empire. During his reign, Rome celebrated its millennium. Among early Christian writers, Philip had the reputation of being sympathetic to the Christian faith. Probably for this reason it was even claimed by some that he had converted to Christianity, which would have made him the first Christian emperor. He supposedly tried to celebrate Easter with Christians in Antioch, but the bishop Saint Babylas made him stand with the penitents.〔according to John Chrysostom〕 Philip and his wife received letters from Origen.〔according to Eusebius.〕 Philip was overthrown and killed following a rebellion led by his successor Decius. ==Early life== Little is known about Philip's early life and political career. He was born in what is today Shahba, about southeast of Damascus, in the Trachonitis district.〔 At the time this was in the Roman province of Arabia,〔Bowersock, Glen W., ''Roman Arabia'', Harvard University Press, 1994, pg. 122〕 earning Philip the nickname "the Arab". He was the son of a local citizen, Julius Marinus, possibly of some importance.〔Meckler, ''Philip the Arab''〕 While the name of Philip's mother is unknown, he did have a brother, Gaius Julius Priscus, a member of the Praetorian Guard under Gordian III (238–244).〔Potter, pg. 232〕 In 234, Philip married Marcia Otacilia Severa, daughter of a Roman Governor. They had three children, a son named Marcus Julius Philippus Severus (Philippus II), born in 238,〔 a daughter called Julia Severa or Severina who is known from numismatic evidence but is never mentioned by the ancient Roman sources and a son named Quintus Philippus Severus, born in 247. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip the Arab」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|